Cleansing action , effectiveness , additives~

Allah's creature *macro photography 
subhanAllah :)
 

Now let's continue ...


Cleansing action of soap and detergent ~ ~. 

• - Soap and detergent are surfactants . Surfactants are organic compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid .
• - Surfactants act as emulsifiers and foaming agents .
• - Anion soap consist of carboxylate ion (hydrophilic = soluble in water) and long hydrocarbon tail (hydrophobic = soluble in grease or oils )
• - Anion detergent consists of sulphate ion / sulphonate ion (hydrophilic = soluble in water) and long hydrocarbon tail (hydrophobic = soluble in grease or oils)

The action of process

1. Soap or detergent is added to water .
2. This has lower surface tension of water and increase the wetting ability of water .
3. Hydrophilic part of the anion dissolves in water .
4. Hydrophobic part dissolves in grease .
5. Scrubbing helps to pull the grease free and break the grease into smaller droplets .
6. These droplets do not coagulate and redeposit on the surface of the cloth . It's because the repulsion between negative charges on the surface.
7. The droplets are suspended in water forming an emulsion.
8. Rinsing helps to remove this droplets.

Effectiveness of cleansing action ~

~Soap~

   Conditions ~                                                        

1.Hard water             ---->       Form an insoluble precipitate ; soap scum.

                                                  (causes wastage of soap)

2.Soft water              ---->        Effective cleaner.

3.Acidic water          ---->        Form insoluble long-chain fatty acids.

4.Environment           ---->        Biodegradable

                                                                   ~Detergent~

Conditions~

1.Hard water            ---->        Effective cleaner. Form soluble substances.

                                                 ,calcium or magnesium salts. *do not form

                                                 scum.

2.Soft water             ---->         Effective cleaner.

3.Acidic water          ---->         Effective cleaner . *do not form scum

4.Environment           ---->        Non-biodegradable

Additives in detergents and their respective functions ~

  Additives ~                                          Functions~

1. Biological enzyme    ---->       Remove protein stains .

2. Foam control agent  ---->       Control foaming in detergent. 

3. Builder                    ---->        Enhance the surfactant efficiency.

4. Filler                       ---->        Make the solid detergent dry and enable the liquid 

                                                   detergent to be poured easily.

5. Fragrance               ---->        Add fragrance

6. Optical brightener   ---->        Add brightness by convert UV radiation to blue

                                                  light and whiteness.

7. Stabilising agent      ---->        Lower the production of foam.

8. Suspension agent    ---->        Prevent the dirt particles removed from redeposit 

                                                   onto cleaned fabrics.

9. Whitening agent      ---->        Bleach stains.    

  The beauty of Allah's creature, subhanAllah :) cantekk

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